Advancing foundational frameworks for trusted state exchange.
Trusted Frameworks for State Representation and Digital Interoperability
Bita Trust develops foundational research frameworks and protocol-neutral reference architectures for trusted industrial information and cross-domain interoperability.
Grounded in Data Physics, our work connects physical entities and states with source-side trust formation and purpose-specific state exchange across domains.
The Data Physics Trilogy
Industrial information may be understood through states, state evolution and state-derived representations associated with physical entities. For dynamic industrial contexts, State Derivatives (D = dS/dt) provide a way to describe how physical states evolve over time.
The General Theory of Data Physics: A First-Principles Framework for Global Industrial Interoperability
The General Theory of Data Physics: For Industrial Assetization and Cross-Domain Interoperability
The General Theory of Data Physics: For Non-Dependent Data, AI Cognition, and Quantum Anchoring
From Data Physics to Trust at Source and GTSE
Bita Trust develops a layered knowledge architecture for understanding trusted state representation and cross-domain exchange.
Data Physics provides a first-principles perspective for understanding how information relates to physical entities, states, state change and state-derived representations.
Trust at Source examines the conditions under which product-related information may be relied upon for a defined purpose, including its relationship with product reality, observations, facts, evidence, responsibility, boundaries and expression.
Global Trade State Exchange (GTSE) builds on this research by examining how trusted state representations may be exchanged across organizations, platforms, jurisdictions and trust domains without unnecessary transfer of high-resolution source-side data.
The core models may be mapped into independently governed application domains, including DPP, battery, carbon, sustainability and industrial-data use cases. These application domains are not part of the Bita Trust core model and retain their own regulatory, semantic and operational governance.
Trust at Source Framework
A framework for examining how source-side conditions of reliance may be established before product-related information is handed over externally.
Global Trade State Exchange (GTSE) Framework
Cross-Domain Governance and Interoperability Context
Industrial data moves across domains governed by different laws, standards, semantics and institutional responsibilities. Bita Trust does not seek to unify or replace these regimes. It develops protocol-neutral frameworks for forming trustworthy information at source and exchanging purpose-specific state representations across systems, organizations and jurisdictions.
The references below illustrate selected regulatory, semantic and technical layers relevant to cross-domain exchange. They provide context for research and architectural mapping, rather than a prescribed technology stack.
Source-Domain Governance
Source records, evidence and responsibilities remain governed by the laws, standards and institutional arrangements of the originating domain.
Regulatory Context
- Data Security Law of the People’s Republic of China
- Cybersecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China
- Provisions on Promoting and Regulating Cross-Border Data Flows
Selected Standards Reference
- GB/T 43697-2024 — Data security technology — Rules for data classification and grading
Destination-Domain Requirements
Receiving markets define their own product-information, market-access, sustainability and data-use requirements.
EU Regulatory Context
- Regulation (EU) 2024/1781 — Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation
- Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 — Batteries Regulation
- Regulation (EU) 2023/956 — Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
- Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 — Data Act
European DPP Standards
CEN-CENELEC Digital Product Passport Standards
- Identification and data carriers — EN 18219, EN 18220
- Data exchange and lifecycle management — EN 18216, EN 18221, EN 18222
- System interoperability — EN 18223
- Access, security and data integrity — EN 18239, EN 18246
Cross-Domain Reference Layers
Cross-domain interoperability depends on several semantic, technical and governance layers rather than a single universal protocol.
Trade Semantics
- UN/CEFACT Core Component Library and Reference Data Models
- Supply Chain Reference Data Model (SCRDM)
- Related trade data models, code lists and semantic vocabularies
Verifiable Information
- W3C Verifiable Credentials Data Model
- Verifiable trade-document and digital-claim approaches
Data Quality and Information Security
- ISO 8000 family — Data quality and data governance
- ISO/IEC 27001 — Information security management systems
Sustainability Measurement
- ISO 14040 / ISO 14044 — Life cycle assessment
- ISO 14067 — Carbon footprint of products
Bita Trust Focus
Physical entity and state → Source-side facts and evidence → Trusted state representation → Purpose-specific cross-domain exchange → Destination-side interpretation and use
Bita Trust focuses on the trust-formation and representation layer between source-domain governance and destination-domain requirements. It does not replace legal compliance, conformity assessment, certification or the responsibilities of economic operators.
References are provided for research and interoperability context only. They do not imply endorsement, certification, partnership or institutional affiliation.
Architectural Principles
These principles are informed by the research foundations of the General Theory of Data Physics. The framework explores how industrial information may be represented through dynamic State Derivatives (D = dS/dt) associated with physical entities. By distinguishing physical characteristics from contextual requirements, this perspective may support trusted information exchange and interoperability across heterogeneous domains.
Ontological Orthogonality & State-Attribute Decoupling
Distinguishing Physical Characteristics (Intrinsic State Vectors) from Context-Dependent Interpretive Layers (Extrinsic Context Layers). This distinction allows physical characteristics to be considered across different application contexts while regulatory, commercial and organizational interpretations remain governed by the relevant domains.
The Mechanics of State Coupling
Examining when a digital representation should remain connected to a particular physical entity, state, source record, supporting evidence and period of validity, and when a specific attribute or claim may be used independently for a defined purpose.
The Temporal Continuity Principle
Where dynamic state information is relevant, trust may be strengthened through event-based, periodic or continuous state histories appropriate to the product and use context. Such histories may complement static records and support alignment between digital representations and physical entities over time.
Building trusted digital ecosystems through research and engineering principles inspired by the rigor of physics.
In digital ecosystems, trust can be strengthened through verifiable information architectures and interoperable exchange mechanisms. We welcome collaboration with industry, academia, standards communities and technology practitioners to advance trusted digital interoperability together.
